This dissertation explores how Carl Jung’s psychology emerged out of a deeper modern crisis of the self. Instead of treating Jung’s ideas as a finished system from the beginning, it shows how his thought developed in response to a growing awareness that the human mind is not fully transparent, unified, or under conscious control. The project places Jung within the intellectual world of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, where philosophy, psychiatry, experimental psychology, and psychical research were all confronting the problem of hidden mental life. The study follows Jung’s development from the breakdown of older ideas of inner unity, through his clinical and experimental work at Burghölzli, to his discovery of the complex as a relatively autonomous psychic formation. It then traces how these early findings gradually pushed him beyond a merely personal psychology toward a broader understanding of dreams, fantasy, symbol, and the deeper structures of the psyche. In this account, Jung’s laterinterest in myth and symbolic life is not a break from his scientific beginnings, but an extension of the same underlying problem. The central argument is that Jung’s psychology can best be understood as a historical response to the crisis of the modern subject. His work attempts to explain why the psyche appears divided, productive, and often resistant to conscious mastery, while also showing how symbolic life becomes essential for psychic order and transformation. By reconstructing this movement, the dissertation offers a clear account of how Jung’s psychology took shape and why its central ideas arose when they did.